It means that the capitalist restructuring, the technological change, and the general transformation of social institutions are produced by the daily action of withdrawal from exploitation, of rejection of the obligation to produce surplus value, and to increase the value of capital, reducing the value of life." More simply he states "Refusal of work means . If you are not resigned to dying of disgust, then you will be happy enough to rid your life of the odious need to work, to give orders (and obey them), to lose and to win, to keep up appearances, and to judge and be judged." Autonomism Īutonomist philosopher Bifo defines refusal of work as not "so much the obvious fact that workers do not like to be exploited, but something more. As sure as work kills pleasure, pleasure kills work. In it he says that "You reverse the perspective of power by returning to pleasure the energies stolen by work and constraint . Raoul Vaneigem, important theorist of the post- surrealist Situationist International which was influential in the May 68 events in France, wrote The Book of Pleasures.
Freeter definition free#
The philosophers of antiquity taught contempt for work, that degradation of the free man, the poets sang of idleness, that gift from the Gods." And so he says "Proletarians, brutalized by the dogma of work, listen to the voice of these philosophers, which has been concealed from you with jealous care: A citizen who gives his labor for money degrades himself to the rank of slaves." (The last sentence paraphrasing Cicero. The Greeks in their era of greatness had only contempt for work: their slaves alone were permitted to labor: the free man knew only exercises for the body and mind . He manifests that "When, in our civilized Europe, we would find a trace of the native beauty of man, we must go seek it in the nations where economic prejudices have not yet uprooted the hatred of work . Lafargue criticizes these ideas from a Marxist perspective as dogmatic and ultimately false by portraying the degeneration and enslavement of human existence when being subsumed under the primacy of the " right to work", and argues that " laziness", combined with human creativity, is an important source of human progress. The essay polemicizes heavily against then-contemporary liberal, conservative, Christian and even socialist ideas of work.
The Right to be Lazy is an essay by Cuban-born French revolutionary Marxist Paul Lafargue, written from his London exile in 1880. Historically, some labor organizations and individual social activists, have espoused workers' self-management or worker cooperatives as possible alternatives to wage labor. The introduction of wage labor in 18th century Britain was met with resistance-giving rise to the principles of syndicalism. With the advent of the industrial revolution, thinkers such as Proudhon and Marx elaborated the comparison between wage labor and slavery in the context of a critique of property not intended for active personal use. Before the American Civil War, Southern defenders of African American slavery invoked the concept to favorably compare the condition of their slaves to workers in the North. Similarities between wage labor and slavery were noted at least as early as Cicero. working for a wage not only under threat of starvation or poverty, but also of social stigma or status diminution). The criticism of social stratification covers a wider range of employment choices bound by the pressures of a hierarchical social environment (i.e. in sweatshops), and the latter as a lack of workers' self-management. The term 'wage slavery' has been used to criticize economic exploitation and social stratification, with the former seen primarily as unequal bargaining power between labor and capital (particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, e.g. It is a negatively connoted term used to draw an analogy between slavery and wage labor, and to highlight similarities between owning and employing a person. Wage slavery refers to a situation where a person's livelihood depends on wages, especially when the dependence is total and immediate. However the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention adopted by International Labour Organization in 1957 prohibits all forms of forced labour. International human rights law does not recognize the refusal of work or right not to work by itself except the right to strike. 4.1 Other derogatory terms and their history.4 Stigmatization of people who don't work.3.1.1 Paul Lafargue and The Right to be Lazy.
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